What are the differences between paging and segmentation?

Paging and segmentation are very crucial techniques to ensure smooth performance of large systems while not burning the servers.

🔹 Paging Paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory. The process's address space is divided into fixed-size blocks called pages, while physical memory is divided into fixed-size blocks called frames.

The address tranlation process works in 3 steps:

1. Logical Address Space: The logical address (generated by the CPU) is divided into a page number and a page offset.
2. Page Table Lookup: The page number is used as an index into the page table to find the corresponding frame number.
3. Physical Address Formation: The frame number is combined with the page offset to form the physical address in memory.

Advantages:

• Eliminates external fragmentation.
• Simplifies memory allocation.
• Supports efficient swapping and virtual memory.

🔹 Segmentation Segmentation is a memory management technique where the memory is divided into variable-sized segments based on the logical divisions of a program, such as functions, objects, or data arrays.

The address tranlation process works in 3 steps:

1. Logical Address Space: The logical address consists of a segment number and an offset within that segment.
2. Segment Table Lookup: The segment number is used as an index into the segment table to find the base address of the segment.
3. Physical Address Formation: The base address is added to the offset to form the physical address in memory.

Advantages:

• Provides logical separation of different parts of a program.
• Facilitates protection and sharing of segments.
• Simplifies management of growing data structures.

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