Must Know System Design Building Blocks

These are divided into 6 broad categories

1 - Distributed Computing

Distributed message queues facilitate async communication and decouple services

Distributed caching improves performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory

A Distributed task scheduler manages and coordinates the execution of tasks

2 - Scalability and Performance

Scaling services help adjust the capacity of services to handle changes in demand

CDNs serve content from geographically closer locations to improve performance and reduce latency.

Consistent hashing minimizes the remapping of keys when nodes are added or removed

3 - Service Management

Service discovery enables services to find and communicate with each other without hard-coding network locations

4 - Networking and Communication

DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses

Load Balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers

API Gateway acts as a single entry point for a group of microservices

5 - Data Storage and Management

Databases store and manage structured data

Object storage helps store complex objects like images, videos, and documents

Sharding helps horizontally partition data across multiple nodes

Replication helps horizontally scale the database by copying data to multiple nodes

6 - Observability and Resiliency

Gain insights into the system's internal state through metrics, logging, and tracing.

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